The survey population was reviewed before data collection began to ensure that each institutional classification was accurate. More information about HEP and its sources can be found at. A list of all accredited, degree-granting institutions in the United States (the Higher Education Directory) was obtained from Higher Education Publications (HEP). Virgin Islands that granted a bachelor’s degree or higher in any field expended at least $150,000 in separately accounted-for R&D in FY 2021 and were geographically separate campuses headed by a president, chancellor, or equivalent. Public and private nonprofit postsecondary institutions in the United States, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the U.S.

Geographic location within the United States.

Institutional characteristics (i.e., highest degree granted, historically Black college or university, high Hispanic enrollment, public or private control).

Headcounts and full-time equivalents of R&D personnel functions (researchers, R&D technicians, and R&D support staff).

Total and federally funded R&D equipment expenditures by field.

R&D expenditures by cost categories (e.g., salaries, software, equipment, indirect costs).

Federally funded R&D expenditures by field and federal agency.

Total and federally funded R&D expenditures passed through to subrecipients or received as a subrecipient.

R&D expenditures by type of R&D (i.e., basic research, applied research, and experimental development).Clinical trial R&D expenditures (Phases I–III).R&D expenditures within medical schools.

R&D expenditures funded from foreign sources.R&D expenditures by field and source of funds (i.e., federal government, state and local government, business, nonprofit, institutional, and other).

Key variables of interest are listed below.

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